词根 -tract-（拉）考研高频词
词根 -tract-（拉）
-tract-来自拉丁语 trahere「拉、拖」。几乎所有派生词都能用“拉“的动作理解。
核心词族
| 单词 | 词性 | 释义 | 拆解 |
|---|---|---|---|
| attract | v. | 吸引 | at（向）+ tract |
| extract | v./n. | 提取、摘录 | ex（向外）+ tract |
| contract | n./v. | 合同；收缩；感染 | con（共同）+ tract |
| distract | v. | 分散（注意力） | dis（分开）+ tract |
| subtract | v. | 减去 | sub（下）+ tract |
| abstract | adj./n./v. | 抽象的；摘要；提取 | abs（离开）+ tract |
| retract | v. | 撤回、缩回 | re（回）+ tract |
| tractor | n. | 拖拉机 | tract + or（工具） |
| traction | n. | 牵引力、摩擦力 | tract + ion |
| intractable | adj. | 难对付的 | in（不）+ tract + able |
| protract | v. | 延长 | pro（向前）+ tract |
考研高频短语
| 短语 | 释义 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| attract attention / investment | 吸引注意/投资 | The project attracted wide attention. |
| extract … from … | 从…提取 | Scientists extracted DNA from the sample. |
| sign / enter into a contract | 签订合同 | The two firms entered into a contract. |
| be distracted by | 被…分心 | Students are easily distracted by phones. |
| in the abstract | 抽象地、理论上 | It sounds good in the abstract. |
| abstract thinking | 抽象思维 | Mathematics develops abstract thinking. |
| contract a disease | 感染疾病 | He contracted a rare disease. |
| subtract A from B | 从 B 中减去 A | Subtract 5 from 8 and you get 3. |
真题语境例句
例句 1：A good leader must attract and keep talented people. 优秀的领导者必须吸引并留住人才。
例句 2：The company extracted useful data from the survey. 公司从调查中提取了有用数据。
例句 3：Social media can distract students from their studies. 社交媒体会分散学生学习的注意力。
例句 4：Some problems remain intractable despite decades of research. 尽管研究了几十年，一些问题仍难以解决。
词族扩展树
-tract-（拉）
┌───────────┼───────────┬──────────────┐
attract extract contract distract
attraction extraction contraction distraction
attractive extractor
abstract（抽象的/摘要） subtract（减去）
abstraction subtraction
retract（撤回） tractor（拖拉机）
traction（牵引力） protract（延长）
intractable（难对付的）记忆技巧
- at + tract：往这边拉 → 吸引；
- ex + tract：向外拉 → 提取；
- con + tract：拉在一起 → 收缩；拉到一起签的协议 → 合同；
- dis + tract：把注意力拉散 → 分心；
- sub + tract：往下拉掉 → 减去；
- ab + stract：拉离具体 → 抽象。
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