<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<feed xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom" xml:lang="en">
    <title>Rocky‘s Blog - Language</title>
    <subtitle>月更 技术博客 CXX优先</subtitle>
    <link rel="self" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://suchaharcan.github.io/tags/language/atom.xml"/>
    <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://suchaharcan.github.io/"/>
    <generator uri="https://www.getzola.org/">Zola</generator>
    <updated>2026-08-11T00:00:00+00:00</updated>
    <id>https://suchaharcan.github.io/tags/language/atom.xml</id>
    <entry xml:lang="en">
        <title>Jai 入门 · 语法详解</title>
        <published>2026-08-11T00:00:00+00:00</published>
        <updated>2026-08-11T00:00:00+00:00</updated>
        
        <author>
          <name>
            
              Suchaharcan
            
          </name>
        </author>
        
        <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://suchaharcan.github.io/01Write_blog_Jai/jai-syntax-intro/"/>
        <id>https://suchaharcan.github.io/01Write_blog_Jai/jai-syntax-intro/</id>
        
        <content type="html" xml:base="https://suchaharcan.github.io/01Write_blog_Jai/jai-syntax-intro/">&lt;h1 id=&quot;jai-ru-men-yu-fa-xiang-jie&quot;&gt;Jai 入门 · 语法详解&lt;&#x2F;h1&gt;
&lt;blockquote&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Jai 是 Jonathan Blow（《Braid》《The Witness》作者）设计的&lt;strong&gt;面向性能与数据导向&lt;&#x2F;strong&gt;的静态强类型语言，目标之一是做“C 的现代替代品“。本文语料主要来自 GitHub 上的 JaiPrimer 与 The Way to Jai 社区教程。&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;
&lt;&#x2F;blockquote&gt;
&lt;hr &#x2F;&gt;
&lt;h2 id=&quot;1-jai-de-she-ji-zhe-xue&quot;&gt;1. Jai 的设计哲学&lt;&#x2F;h2&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Jai 关注三件事：&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;
&lt;ol&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;写更快的代码&lt;&#x2F;strong&gt;：无 GC、无异常、无类继承包袱，程序员直接控制内存与性能特征；&lt;&#x2F;li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;减少摩擦&lt;&#x2F;strong&gt;：语法一致、重构成本低、编译快速；&lt;&#x2F;li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;数据导向（Data-Oriented Design）&lt;&#x2F;strong&gt;：程序本质是“填充内存的数据 + 高效算法“。&lt;&#x2F;li&gt;
&lt;&#x2F;ol&gt;
&lt;table&gt;&lt;thead&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;与 C&#x2F;C++ 对比&lt;&#x2F;th&gt;&lt;th&gt;C &#x2F; C++&lt;&#x2F;th&gt;&lt;th&gt;Jai&lt;&#x2F;th&gt;&lt;&#x2F;tr&gt;&lt;&#x2F;thead&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;内存管理&lt;&#x2F;td&gt;&lt;td&gt;malloc&#x2F;free 或 RAII&lt;&#x2F;td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;code&gt;new&lt;&#x2F;code&gt; &#x2F; &lt;code&gt;delete&lt;&#x2F;code&gt;，指针所有权 &lt;code&gt;!&lt;&#x2F;code&gt; 标记，无 GC&lt;&#x2F;td&gt;&lt;&#x2F;tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;多态&lt;&#x2F;td&gt;&lt;td&gt;虚函数 &#x2F; 模板&lt;&#x2F;td&gt;&lt;td&gt;函数级多态 &lt;code&gt;$T&lt;&#x2F;code&gt; + 编译期代码&lt;&#x2F;td&gt;&lt;&#x2F;tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;构建&lt;&#x2F;td&gt;&lt;td&gt;Make&#x2F;CMake&lt;&#x2F;td&gt;&lt;td&gt;构建过程由 Jai 源码本身指定&lt;&#x2F;td&gt;&lt;&#x2F;tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;数据组织&lt;&#x2F;td&gt;&lt;td&gt;AoS 为主&lt;&#x2F;td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;code&gt;struct SOA&lt;&#x2F;code&gt; 一键切换 SoA&#x2F;AoS&lt;&#x2F;td&gt;&lt;&#x2F;tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;反射&lt;&#x2F;td&gt;&lt;td&gt;无原生支持&lt;&#x2F;td&gt;&lt;td&gt;全类型信息运行时可查&lt;&#x2F;td&gt;&lt;&#x2F;tr&gt;
&lt;&#x2F;tbody&gt;&lt;&#x2F;table&gt;
&lt;hr &#x2F;&gt;
&lt;h2 id=&quot;2-cheng-xu-ru-kou-yu-ji-ben-jie-gou&quot;&gt;2. 程序入口与基本结构&lt;&#x2F;h2&gt;
&lt;pre class=&quot;giallo z-code&quot;&gt;&lt;code data-lang=&quot;cpp&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;giallo-l&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-variable z-other&quot;&gt;#import&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt; &amp;quot;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-string&quot;&gt;Basic&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation z-terminator&quot;&gt;;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;giallo-l&quot;&gt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;giallo-l&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-entity z-name&quot;&gt;main&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt; ::&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt; (&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;)&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt; {&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;giallo-l&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-entity z-name z-function&quot;&gt;    print&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;(&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-string&quot;&gt;Hello, Jai!&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-constant z-character z-escape&quot;&gt;\n&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;)&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation z-terminator&quot;&gt;;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;giallo-l&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;}&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;code&gt;&lt;&#x2F;pre&gt;
&lt;p&gt;要点：&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;main :: ()&lt;&#x2F;code&gt; 是入口过程；&lt;&#x2F;li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;#import&lt;&#x2F;code&gt; 导入标准&#x2F;自定义模块；&lt;&#x2F;li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;code&gt;print&lt;&#x2F;code&gt; 支持 &lt;code&gt;%&lt;&#x2F;code&gt; 占位符：&lt;code&gt;print(&quot;x = %\n&quot;, x)&lt;&#x2F;code&gt;。&lt;&#x2F;li&gt;
&lt;&#x2F;ul&gt;
&lt;hr &#x2F;&gt;
&lt;h2 id=&quot;3-bian-liang-yu-lei-xing&quot;&gt;3. 变量与类型&lt;&#x2F;h2&gt;
&lt;h3 id=&quot;sheng-ming-yu-fa-ming-zi-lei-xing-zhi&quot;&gt;声明语法：&lt;code&gt;名字 : 类型 = 值;&lt;&#x2F;code&gt;&lt;&#x2F;h3&gt;
&lt;pre class=&quot;giallo z-code&quot;&gt;&lt;code data-lang=&quot;cpp&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;giallo-l&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-source&quot;&gt;counter :&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-storage z-type&quot;&gt; int&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-keyword z-operator&quot;&gt; =&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-constant z-numeric&quot;&gt; 0&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation z-terminator&quot;&gt;;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;giallo-l&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-source&quot;&gt;name    : string &lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-keyword z-operator&quot;&gt;=&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt; &amp;quot;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-string&quot;&gt;Jon&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation z-terminator&quot;&gt;;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;giallo-l&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-source&quot;&gt;average :&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-storage z-type&quot;&gt; float&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-keyword z-operator&quot;&gt; =&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-constant z-numeric&quot;&gt; 0&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-constant z-numeric&quot;&gt;.&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-constant z-numeric&quot;&gt;5&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-keyword z-operator&quot;&gt; *&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt; (&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-source&quot;&gt;x &lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-keyword z-operator&quot;&gt;+&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-source&quot;&gt; y&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;)&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation z-terminator&quot;&gt;;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;code&gt;&lt;&#x2F;pre&gt;&lt;h3 id=&quot;lei-xing-sheng-lue-bian-yi-qi-tui-duan-ming-zi-zhi&quot;&gt;类型省略（编译器推断）：&lt;code&gt;名字 ::= 值;&lt;&#x2F;code&gt;&lt;&#x2F;h3&gt;
&lt;pre class=&quot;giallo z-code&quot;&gt;&lt;code data-lang=&quot;cpp&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;giallo-l&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-source&quot;&gt;counter :&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-keyword z-operator&quot;&gt;=&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-constant z-numeric&quot;&gt; 0&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation z-terminator&quot;&gt;;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation z-definition z-comment&quot;&gt;            &#x2F;&#x2F;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-comment&quot;&gt; int&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;giallo-l&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-source&quot;&gt;name    :&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-keyword z-operator&quot;&gt;=&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt; &amp;quot;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-string&quot;&gt;Jon&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation z-terminator&quot;&gt;;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation z-definition z-comment&quot;&gt;        &#x2F;&#x2F;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-comment&quot;&gt; string&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;giallo-l&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-source&quot;&gt;average :&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-keyword z-operator&quot;&gt;=&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-constant z-numeric&quot;&gt; 0&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-constant z-numeric&quot;&gt;.&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-constant z-numeric&quot;&gt;5&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-keyword z-operator&quot;&gt; *&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt; (&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-source&quot;&gt;x&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-keyword z-operator&quot;&gt;+&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-source&quot;&gt;y&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;)&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation z-terminator&quot;&gt;;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation z-definition z-comment&quot;&gt;  &#x2F;&#x2F;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-comment&quot;&gt; float&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;code&gt;&lt;&#x2F;pre&gt;&lt;h3 id=&quot;zhi-sheng-ming-bu-chu-shi-hua&quot;&gt;只声明不初始化&lt;&#x2F;h3&gt;
&lt;pre class=&quot;giallo z-code&quot;&gt;&lt;code data-lang=&quot;cpp&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;giallo-l&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-source&quot;&gt;counter :&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-storage z-type&quot;&gt; int&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation z-terminator&quot;&gt;;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;giallo-l&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-source&quot;&gt;flag    :&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-storage z-type&quot;&gt; bool&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation z-terminator&quot;&gt;;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;code&gt;&lt;&#x2F;pre&gt;&lt;h3 id=&quot;ji-ben-lei-xing&quot;&gt;基本类型&lt;&#x2F;h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;bool&lt;&#x2F;code&gt;、&lt;code&gt;int&lt;&#x2F;code&gt;、&lt;code&gt;int8&#x2F;16&#x2F;32&#x2F;64&lt;&#x2F;code&gt;、&lt;code&gt;uint&lt;&#x2F;code&gt;、&lt;code&gt;float&lt;&#x2F;code&gt;、&lt;code&gt;float32&#x2F;64&lt;&#x2F;code&gt;、&lt;code&gt;string&lt;&#x2F;code&gt;、&lt;code&gt;rawptr&lt;&#x2F;code&gt; 等。整数和浮点不隐式混用，需显式转换（&lt;code&gt;cast&lt;&#x2F;code&gt;）。&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;
&lt;hr &#x2F;&gt;
&lt;h2 id=&quot;4-han-shu-guo-cheng&quot;&gt;4. 函数（过程）&lt;&#x2F;h2&gt;
&lt;p&gt;语法统一：&lt;strong&gt;局部函数、匿名函数、全局函数写法完全一致&lt;&#x2F;strong&gt;，这是 Jai 重构友好的核心设计。&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;
&lt;pre class=&quot;giallo z-code&quot;&gt;&lt;code data-lang=&quot;cpp&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;giallo-l&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-entity z-name&quot;&gt;sum&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt; ::&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt; (&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-source&quot;&gt;x&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;:&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-storage z-type&quot;&gt; float&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;,&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-source&quot;&gt; y&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;:&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-storage z-type&quot;&gt; float&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;,&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-source&quot;&gt; z&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;:&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-storage z-type&quot;&gt; float&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;)&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-keyword z-operator&quot;&gt; -&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-keyword z-operator&quot;&gt;&amp;gt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-storage z-type&quot;&gt; float&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt; {&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;giallo-l&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-keyword z-control&quot;&gt;    return&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-source&quot;&gt; x &lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-keyword z-operator&quot;&gt;+&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-source&quot;&gt; y &lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-keyword z-operator&quot;&gt;+&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-source&quot;&gt; z&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation z-terminator&quot;&gt;;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;giallo-l&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;}&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;giallo-l&quot;&gt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;giallo-l&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-entity z-name&quot;&gt;main&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt; ::&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt; (&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;)&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt; {&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;giallo-l&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-entity z-name z-function&quot;&gt;    print&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;(&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-string&quot;&gt;Sum: %&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-constant z-character z-escape&quot;&gt;\n&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;,&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-entity z-name z-function&quot;&gt; sum&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;(&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-constant z-numeric&quot;&gt;1&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;,&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-constant z-numeric&quot;&gt; 2&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;,&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-constant z-numeric&quot;&gt; 3&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;)&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;)&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation z-terminator&quot;&gt;;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;giallo-l&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;}&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;code&gt;&lt;&#x2F;pre&gt;
&lt;p&gt;匿名函数：&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;
&lt;pre class=&quot;giallo z-code&quot;&gt;&lt;code data-lang=&quot;cpp&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;giallo-l&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-source&quot;&gt;add_one :&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-keyword z-operator&quot;&gt;=&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt; (&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-source&quot;&gt;x&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;:&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-storage z-type&quot;&gt; int&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;)&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-keyword z-operator&quot;&gt; -&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-keyword z-operator&quot;&gt;&amp;gt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-storage z-type&quot;&gt; int&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt; {&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-keyword z-control&quot;&gt; return&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-source&quot;&gt; x &lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-keyword z-operator&quot;&gt;+&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-constant z-numeric&quot;&gt; 1&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation z-terminator&quot;&gt;;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt; }&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;code&gt;&lt;&#x2F;pre&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;::&lt;&#x2F;code&gt; 表示“绑定一个常量名字到右侧值“；过程、结构体、枚举、常量都用它声明。&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;
&lt;hr &#x2F;&gt;
&lt;h2 id=&quot;5-jie-gou-ti-mei-ju-lian-he&quot;&gt;5. 结构体 &#x2F; 枚举 &#x2F; 联合&lt;&#x2F;h2&gt;
&lt;h3 id=&quot;struct&quot;&gt;struct&lt;&#x2F;h3&gt;
&lt;pre class=&quot;giallo z-code&quot;&gt;&lt;code data-lang=&quot;cpp&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;giallo-l&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-entity z-name&quot;&gt;Vector3&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt; ::&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-storage z-type&quot;&gt; struct&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt; {&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;giallo-l&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-source&quot;&gt;    x:&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-storage z-type&quot;&gt; float&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-keyword z-operator&quot;&gt; =&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-constant z-numeric&quot;&gt; 1&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation z-terminator&quot;&gt;;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;giallo-l&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-source&quot;&gt;    y:&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-storage z-type&quot;&gt; float&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-keyword z-operator&quot;&gt; =&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-constant z-numeric&quot;&gt; 4&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation z-terminator&quot;&gt;;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;giallo-l&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-source&quot;&gt;    z:&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-storage z-type&quot;&gt; float&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-keyword z-operator&quot;&gt; =&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-constant z-numeric&quot;&gt; 9&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation z-terminator&quot;&gt;;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;giallo-l&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;}&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;giallo-l&quot;&gt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;giallo-l&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-source&quot;&gt;v : Vector3&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation z-terminator&quot;&gt;;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;giallo-l&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-variable z-other&quot;&gt;v&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;.&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-variable z-other z-property&quot;&gt;x&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-keyword z-operator&quot;&gt; =&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-constant z-numeric&quot;&gt; 2&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation z-terminator&quot;&gt;;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;code&gt;&lt;&#x2F;pre&gt;
&lt;p&gt;成员可以带默认值。&lt;strong&gt;没有构造函数&#x2F;析构函数&lt;&#x2F;strong&gt;（Jai 刻意去掉 RAII）。&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;
&lt;h3 id=&quot;enum&quot;&gt;enum&lt;&#x2F;h3&gt;
&lt;pre class=&quot;giallo z-code&quot;&gt;&lt;code data-lang=&quot;cpp&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;giallo-l&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-entity z-name&quot;&gt;Color&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt; ::&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-storage z-type&quot;&gt; enum&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-entity z-name z-type&quot;&gt; u16&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt; {&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;giallo-l&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-variable z-other z-enummember&quot;&gt;    RED&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;,&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;giallo-l&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-variable z-other z-enummember&quot;&gt;    GREEN&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;,&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;giallo-l&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-variable z-other z-enummember&quot;&gt;    BLUE&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-keyword z-operator&quot;&gt; =&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-constant z-numeric&quot;&gt; 80&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;,&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;giallo-l&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-variable z-other z-enummember&quot;&gt;    ALPHA&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;,&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;giallo-l&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;}&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;code&gt;&lt;&#x2F;pre&gt;&lt;h3 id=&quot;union&quot;&gt;union&lt;&#x2F;h3&gt;
&lt;pre class=&quot;giallo z-code&quot;&gt;&lt;code data-lang=&quot;cpp&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;giallo-l&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-entity z-name&quot;&gt;Value&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt; ::&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-storage z-type&quot;&gt; union&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt; {&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;giallo-l&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-source&quot;&gt;    i:&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-storage z-type&quot;&gt; int&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation z-terminator&quot;&gt;;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;giallo-l&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-source&quot;&gt;    f:&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-storage z-type&quot;&gt; float&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation z-terminator&quot;&gt;;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;giallo-l&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;}&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;code&gt;&lt;&#x2F;pre&gt;
&lt;hr &#x2F;&gt;
&lt;h2 id=&quot;6-shu-zu-yu-qie-pian&quot;&gt;6. 数组与切片&lt;&#x2F;h2&gt;
&lt;pre class=&quot;giallo z-code&quot;&gt;&lt;code data-lang=&quot;cpp&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;giallo-l&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-source&quot;&gt;a : &lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;[&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-constant z-numeric&quot;&gt;50&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;]&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-storage z-type&quot;&gt; int&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation z-terminator&quot;&gt;;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation z-definition z-comment&quot;&gt;   &#x2F;&#x2F;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-comment&quot;&gt; 定长数组&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;giallo-l&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-source&quot;&gt;b :&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt; [&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-source&quot;&gt;..&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;]&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-source&quot;&gt; int;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation z-definition z-comment&quot;&gt;   &#x2F;&#x2F;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-comment&quot;&gt; 动态数组&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;giallo-l&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-source&quot;&gt;c :&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt; [&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;]&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-source&quot;&gt; int;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation z-definition z-comment&quot;&gt;     &#x2F;&#x2F;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-comment&quot;&gt; 切片（宽指针，携带长度）&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;code&gt;&lt;&#x2F;pre&gt;
&lt;p&gt;数组&lt;strong&gt;不会退化为指针&lt;&#x2F;strong&gt;，自带长度信息 &lt;code&gt;count&lt;&#x2F;code&gt;：&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;
&lt;pre class=&quot;giallo z-code&quot;&gt;&lt;code data-lang=&quot;cpp&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;giallo-l&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-entity z-name&quot;&gt;print_int_array&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt; ::&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt; (&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-source&quot;&gt;a&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;:&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt; [&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;]&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-source&quot;&gt; int) &lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;{&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;giallo-l&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-source&quot;&gt;    n :&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-keyword z-operator&quot;&gt;=&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-variable z-other&quot;&gt; a&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;.&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-variable z-other z-property&quot;&gt;count&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation z-terminator&quot;&gt;;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;giallo-l&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-keyword z-control&quot;&gt;    for&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-source&quot;&gt; i : &lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-invalid&quot;&gt;0..n&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-keyword z-operator&quot;&gt;-&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-constant z-numeric&quot;&gt;1&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt; {&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;giallo-l&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-entity z-name z-function&quot;&gt;        print&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;(&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-string&quot;&gt;array[%] = %&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-constant z-character z-escape&quot;&gt;\n&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;,&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-source&quot;&gt; i&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;,&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-variable z-other&quot;&gt; a&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;[&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-source&quot;&gt;i&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;]&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;)&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation z-terminator&quot;&gt;;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;giallo-l&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;    }&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;giallo-l&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;}&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;code&gt;&lt;&#x2F;pre&gt;
&lt;hr &#x2F;&gt;
&lt;h2 id=&quot;7-kong-zhi-liu&quot;&gt;7. 控制流&lt;&#x2F;h2&gt;
&lt;h3 id=&quot;if-else&quot;&gt;if &#x2F; else&lt;&#x2F;h3&gt;
&lt;pre class=&quot;giallo z-code&quot;&gt;&lt;code data-lang=&quot;cpp&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;giallo-l&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-keyword z-control&quot;&gt;if&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-source&quot;&gt; a &lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-keyword z-operator&quot;&gt;==&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-source&quot;&gt; b &lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;{&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;giallo-l&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-entity z-name z-function&quot;&gt;    print&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;(&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-string&quot;&gt;equal&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-constant z-character z-escape&quot;&gt;\n&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;)&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation z-terminator&quot;&gt;;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;giallo-l&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;}&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-keyword z-control&quot;&gt; else&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-keyword z-control&quot;&gt; if&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-source&quot;&gt; a &lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-keyword z-operator&quot;&gt;&amp;gt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-source&quot;&gt; b &lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;{&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;giallo-l&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-entity z-name z-function&quot;&gt;    print&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;(&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-string&quot;&gt;greater&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-constant z-character z-escape&quot;&gt;\n&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;)&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation z-terminator&quot;&gt;;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;giallo-l&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;}&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-keyword z-control&quot;&gt; else&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt; {&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;giallo-l&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-entity z-name z-function&quot;&gt;    print&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;(&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-string&quot;&gt;less&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-constant z-character z-escape&quot;&gt;\n&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;)&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation z-terminator&quot;&gt;;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;giallo-l&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;}&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;code&gt;&lt;&#x2F;pre&gt;&lt;h3 id=&quot;if-case-dui-zhi-lie-biao-pi-pei&quot;&gt;if-case（对值列表匹配）&lt;&#x2F;h3&gt;
&lt;pre class=&quot;giallo z-code&quot;&gt;&lt;code data-lang=&quot;cpp&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;giallo-l&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-keyword z-control&quot;&gt;if&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-source&quot;&gt; x &lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;{&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;giallo-l&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-constant z-numeric&quot;&gt;    1&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;,&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-constant z-numeric&quot;&gt; 2&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;,&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-constant z-numeric&quot;&gt; 3&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-keyword z-operator&quot;&gt; =&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-keyword z-operator&quot;&gt;&amp;gt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-entity z-name z-function&quot;&gt; print&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;(&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-string&quot;&gt;small&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-constant z-character z-escape&quot;&gt;\n&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;)&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation z-terminator&quot;&gt;;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;giallo-l&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-keyword z-control&quot;&gt;    else&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-keyword z-operator&quot;&gt;    =&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-keyword z-operator&quot;&gt;&amp;gt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-entity z-name z-function&quot;&gt; print&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;(&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-string&quot;&gt;other&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-constant z-character z-escape&quot;&gt;\n&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;)&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation z-terminator&quot;&gt;;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;giallo-l&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;}&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;code&gt;&lt;&#x2F;pre&gt;&lt;h3 id=&quot;for&quot;&gt;for&lt;&#x2F;h3&gt;
&lt;pre class=&quot;giallo z-code&quot;&gt;&lt;code data-lang=&quot;cpp&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;giallo-l&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-keyword z-control&quot;&gt;for&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-source&quot;&gt; i : &lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-invalid&quot;&gt;0..9&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt; {&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation z-definition z-comment&quot;&gt;            &#x2F;&#x2F;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-comment&quot;&gt; 范围&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;giallo-l&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-entity z-name z-function&quot;&gt;    print&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;(&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-string&quot;&gt;%&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-constant z-character z-escape&quot;&gt;\n&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;,&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-source&quot;&gt; i&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;)&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation z-terminator&quot;&gt;;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;giallo-l&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;}&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;giallo-l&quot;&gt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;giallo-l&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-keyword z-control&quot;&gt;for&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-source&quot;&gt; item : items &lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;{&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation z-definition z-comment&quot;&gt;        &#x2F;&#x2F;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-comment&quot;&gt; 遍历集合&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;giallo-l&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-entity z-name z-function&quot;&gt;    print&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;(&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-string&quot;&gt;%&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-constant z-character z-escape&quot;&gt;\n&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;,&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-source&quot;&gt; item&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;)&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation z-terminator&quot;&gt;;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;giallo-l&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;}&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;code&gt;&lt;&#x2F;pre&gt;&lt;h3 id=&quot;while&quot;&gt;while&lt;&#x2F;h3&gt;
&lt;pre class=&quot;giallo z-code&quot;&gt;&lt;code data-lang=&quot;cpp&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;giallo-l&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-keyword z-control&quot;&gt;while&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-source&quot;&gt; count &lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-keyword z-operator&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-constant z-numeric&quot;&gt; 10&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt; {&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;giallo-l&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-source&quot;&gt;    count &lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-keyword z-operator&quot;&gt;+=&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-constant z-numeric&quot;&gt; 1&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation z-terminator&quot;&gt;;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;giallo-l&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;}&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;code&gt;&lt;&#x2F;pre&gt;&lt;h3 id=&quot;defer-zuo-yong-yu-tui-chu-shi-zhi-xing&quot;&gt;defer（作用域退出时执行）&lt;&#x2F;h3&gt;
&lt;pre class=&quot;giallo z-code&quot;&gt;&lt;code data-lang=&quot;cpp&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;giallo-l&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;{&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;giallo-l&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-entity z-name z-label&quot;&gt;    ptr&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt; :&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-keyword z-operator&quot;&gt;=&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-keyword z-operator z-new&quot;&gt; new&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-storage z-type&quot;&gt; int&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation z-terminator&quot;&gt;;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;giallo-l&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-source&quot;&gt;    defer&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-keyword z-operator&quot;&gt; delete&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;(&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-source&quot;&gt;ptr&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;)&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation z-terminator&quot;&gt;;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation z-definition z-comment&quot;&gt;    &#x2F;&#x2F;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-comment&quot;&gt; 离开作用域时自动释放&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;giallo-l&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;}&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;code&gt;&lt;&#x2F;pre&gt;
&lt;hr &#x2F;&gt;
&lt;h2 id=&quot;8-zhi-zhen-yu-nei-cun&quot;&gt;8. 指针与内存&lt;&#x2F;h2&gt;
&lt;pre class=&quot;giallo z-code&quot;&gt;&lt;code data-lang=&quot;cpp&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;giallo-l&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-source&quot;&gt;p : &lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-keyword z-operator&quot;&gt;*&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-storage z-type&quot;&gt;int&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-keyword z-operator&quot;&gt; =&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-keyword z-operator z-new&quot;&gt; new&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-storage z-type&quot;&gt; int&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation z-terminator&quot;&gt;;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation z-definition z-comment&quot;&gt;    &#x2F;&#x2F;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-comment&quot;&gt; 分配&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;giallo-l&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-source&quot;&gt;p.&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-keyword z-operator&quot;&gt;*&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-keyword z-operator&quot;&gt; =&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-constant z-numeric&quot;&gt; 42&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation z-terminator&quot;&gt;;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation z-definition z-comment&quot;&gt;              &#x2F;&#x2F;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-comment&quot;&gt; 解引用（后缀 .*）&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;giallo-l&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-keyword z-operator&quot;&gt;delete&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-source&quot;&gt; p&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation z-terminator&quot;&gt;;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation z-definition z-comment&quot;&gt;              &#x2F;&#x2F;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-comment&quot;&gt; 释放&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;code&gt;&lt;&#x2F;pre&gt;
&lt;p&gt;结构体指针所有权：成员类型前加 &lt;code&gt;!&lt;&#x2F;code&gt; 表示“该指针由本结构体拥有，删除结构体时一并删除“：&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;
&lt;pre class=&quot;giallo z-code&quot;&gt;&lt;code data-lang=&quot;cpp&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;giallo-l&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-entity z-name&quot;&gt;node&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt; ::&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-storage z-type&quot;&gt; struct&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt; {&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;giallo-l&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-source&quot;&gt;    owned_a : &lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-keyword z-operator&quot;&gt;!&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-keyword z-operator&quot;&gt;*&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-source&quot;&gt;node &lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-keyword z-operator&quot;&gt;=&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-source&quot;&gt; null&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation z-terminator&quot;&gt;;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;giallo-l&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;}&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;giallo-l&quot;&gt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;giallo-l&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-source&quot;&gt;example :&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-keyword z-operator&quot;&gt;=&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-keyword z-operator z-new&quot;&gt; new&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-source&quot;&gt; node&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation z-terminator&quot;&gt;;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;giallo-l&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-variable z-other&quot;&gt;example&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;.&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-variable z-other z-property&quot;&gt;owned_a&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-keyword z-operator&quot;&gt; =&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-keyword z-operator z-new&quot;&gt; new&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-source&quot;&gt; node&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation z-terminator&quot;&gt;;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;giallo-l&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-keyword z-operator&quot;&gt;delete&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-source&quot;&gt; example&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation z-terminator&quot;&gt;;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation z-definition z-comment&quot;&gt;      &#x2F;&#x2F;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-comment&quot;&gt; owned_a 也会被释放&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;code&gt;&lt;&#x2F;pre&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Jai &lt;strong&gt;没有 GC 与自动内存管理&lt;&#x2F;strong&gt;，但用所有权标注 + &lt;code&gt;defer&lt;&#x2F;code&gt; 让手动管理可控。&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;
&lt;hr &#x2F;&gt;
&lt;h2 id=&quot;9-han-shu-ji-duo-tai-t&quot;&gt;9. 函数级多态（&lt;code&gt;$T&lt;&#x2F;code&gt;）&lt;&#x2F;h2&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Jai 的多态在&lt;strong&gt;函数级&lt;&#x2F;strong&gt;，参数前加 &lt;code&gt;$&lt;&#x2F;code&gt; 声明类型变量：&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;
&lt;pre class=&quot;giallo z-code&quot;&gt;&lt;code data-lang=&quot;cpp&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;giallo-l&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-entity z-name&quot;&gt;sum&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt; ::&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt; (&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-source&quot;&gt;a&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;:&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-source&quot;&gt; $T&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;,&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-source&quot;&gt; b&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;:&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-source&quot;&gt; T&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;)&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt; -&amp;gt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-variable z-other z-property&quot;&gt; T&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt; {&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;giallo-l&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-keyword z-control&quot;&gt;    return&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-source&quot;&gt; a &lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-keyword z-operator&quot;&gt;+&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-source&quot;&gt; b&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation z-terminator&quot;&gt;;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;giallo-l&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;}&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;giallo-l&quot;&gt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;giallo-l&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-source&quot;&gt;f3 :&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-keyword z-operator&quot;&gt;=&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-entity z-name z-function&quot;&gt; sum&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;(&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-constant z-numeric&quot;&gt;1&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-constant z-numeric&quot;&gt;.&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-constant z-numeric&quot;&gt;0&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;,&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-constant z-numeric&quot;&gt; 2&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-constant z-numeric&quot;&gt;.&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-constant z-numeric&quot;&gt;0&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;)&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation z-terminator&quot;&gt;;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation z-definition z-comment&quot;&gt;   &#x2F;&#x2F;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-comment&quot;&gt; float + float&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;giallo-l&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-source&quot;&gt;i3 :&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-keyword z-operator&quot;&gt;=&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-entity z-name z-function&quot;&gt; sum&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;(&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-constant z-numeric&quot;&gt;1&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;,&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-constant z-numeric&quot;&gt; 2&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;)&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation z-terminator&quot;&gt;;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation z-definition z-comment&quot;&gt;       &#x2F;&#x2F;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-comment&quot;&gt; int + int&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;code&gt;&lt;&#x2F;pre&gt;
&lt;p&gt;类型由 &lt;code&gt;$&lt;&#x2F;code&gt; 标记的参数推断，并可以做类型特化（&lt;code&gt;#if&lt;&#x2F;code&gt; 按类型分支）。&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;
&lt;h3 id=&quot;any-lei-xing&quot;&gt;Any 类型&lt;&#x2F;h3&gt;
&lt;pre class=&quot;giallo z-code&quot;&gt;&lt;code data-lang=&quot;cpp&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;giallo-l&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-entity z-name&quot;&gt;print_any&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt; ::&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt; (&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-source&quot;&gt;a&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;:&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-source&quot;&gt; Any&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;)&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt; {&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;giallo-l&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-keyword z-control&quot;&gt;    if&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-variable z-other&quot;&gt; a&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;.&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-variable z-other&quot;&gt;type&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;.&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-variable z-other z-property&quot;&gt;type&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-keyword z-operator&quot;&gt; ==&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-variable z-other&quot;&gt; Type_Info_Tag&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;.&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-variable z-other z-property&quot;&gt;FLOAT&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt; {&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;giallo-l&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-entity z-name z-function&quot;&gt;        print&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;(&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-string&quot;&gt;a is float&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-constant z-character z-escape&quot;&gt;\n&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;)&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation z-terminator&quot;&gt;;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;giallo-l&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;    }&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;giallo-l&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;}&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;code&gt;&lt;&#x2F;pre&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;Any&lt;&#x2F;code&gt; 携带类型信息，适合需要“任意类型“参数的场景。&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;
&lt;h3 id=&quot;jin-jie-1-lei-xing-yue-shu-t-foo-yu-t-interface&quot;&gt;进阶 1：类型约束（&lt;code&gt;$T&#x2F;Foo&lt;&#x2F;code&gt; 与 &lt;code&gt;$T&#x2F;interface&lt;&#x2F;code&gt;）&lt;&#x2F;h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;$T&lt;&#x2F;code&gt; 不限制类型；要约束“必须拥有某组字段&#x2F;成员“，用 &lt;code&gt;&#x2F;&lt;&#x2F;code&gt; 写法（类似 trait &#x2F; interface）：&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;
&lt;pre class=&quot;giallo z-code&quot;&gt;&lt;code data-lang=&quot;cpp&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;giallo-l&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-entity z-name&quot;&gt;Vec3&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt; ::&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-storage z-type&quot;&gt; struct&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt; {&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;giallo-l&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-source&quot;&gt;    x&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;,&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-source&quot;&gt; y&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;,&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-source&quot;&gt; z:&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-storage z-type&quot;&gt; float&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation z-terminator&quot;&gt;;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;giallo-l&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;}&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;giallo-l&quot;&gt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;giallo-l&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-entity z-name&quot;&gt;dot_product&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt; ::&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt; (&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-source&quot;&gt;a&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;:&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-source&quot;&gt; $T&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-keyword z-operator&quot;&gt;&#x2F;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-source&quot;&gt;interface Vec3&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;,&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-source&quot;&gt; b&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;:&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-source&quot;&gt; T&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;)&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-keyword z-operator&quot;&gt; -&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-keyword z-operator&quot;&gt;&amp;gt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-storage z-type&quot;&gt; float&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt; {&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;giallo-l&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-keyword z-control&quot;&gt;    return&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-variable z-other&quot;&gt; a&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;.&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-variable z-other z-property&quot;&gt;x&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-keyword z-operator&quot;&gt; *&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-variable z-other&quot;&gt; b&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;.&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-variable z-other z-property&quot;&gt;x&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-keyword z-operator&quot;&gt; +&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-variable z-other&quot;&gt; a&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;.&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-variable z-other z-property&quot;&gt;y&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-keyword z-operator&quot;&gt; *&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-variable z-other&quot;&gt; b&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;.&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-variable z-other z-property&quot;&gt;y&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-keyword z-operator&quot;&gt; +&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-variable z-other&quot;&gt; a&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;.&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-variable z-other z-property&quot;&gt;z&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-keyword z-operator&quot;&gt; *&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-variable z-other&quot;&gt; b&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;.&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-variable z-other z-property&quot;&gt;z&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation z-terminator&quot;&gt;;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;giallo-l&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;}&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;giallo-l&quot;&gt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;giallo-l&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation z-definition z-comment&quot;&gt;&#x2F;&#x2F;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-comment&quot;&gt; 任何&amp;quot;拥有 x&#x2F;y&#x2F;z float 字段&amp;quot;的结构体都能传入，不必继承 Vec3&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;code&gt;&lt;&#x2F;pre&gt;
&lt;p&gt;区别：&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;
&lt;table&gt;&lt;thead&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;写法&lt;&#x2F;th&gt;&lt;th&gt;含义&lt;&#x2F;th&gt;&lt;&#x2F;tr&gt;&lt;&#x2F;thead&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;code&gt;a: $T&lt;&#x2F;code&gt;&lt;&#x2F;td&gt;&lt;td&gt;任意编译期已知类型&lt;&#x2F;td&gt;&lt;&#x2F;tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;code&gt;a: Foo($T)&lt;&#x2F;code&gt;&lt;&#x2F;td&gt;&lt;td&gt;必须是 &lt;code&gt;Foo&lt;&#x2F;code&gt; 的某种特化，内层 &lt;code&gt;$T&lt;&#x2F;code&gt; 任意&lt;&#x2F;td&gt;&lt;&#x2F;tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;code&gt;a: $T&#x2F;Foo&lt;&#x2F;code&gt;&lt;&#x2F;td&gt;&lt;td&gt;只要结构体内 &lt;strong&gt;using 了 Foo&lt;&#x2F;strong&gt; 即可（组件式组合）&lt;&#x2F;td&gt;&lt;&#x2F;tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;code&gt;a: $T&#x2F;interface Foo&lt;&#x2F;code&gt;&lt;&#x2F;td&gt;&lt;td&gt;只要拥有 Foo 的全部字段即可（结构鸭子类型）&lt;&#x2F;td&gt;&lt;&#x2F;tr&gt;
&lt;&#x2F;tbody&gt;&lt;&#x2F;table&gt;
&lt;h3 id=&quot;jin-jie-2-duo-tai-jie-gou-ti-bian-yi-qi-can-shu-hua&quot;&gt;进阶 2：多态结构体（编译期参数化）&lt;&#x2F;h3&gt;
&lt;pre class=&quot;giallo z-code&quot;&gt;&lt;code data-lang=&quot;cpp&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;giallo-l&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-entity z-name&quot;&gt;Foo&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt; ::&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-storage z-type&quot;&gt; struct&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-source&quot;&gt;(T:&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-entity z-name z-type&quot;&gt; Type&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-source&quot;&gt;) &lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;{&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;giallo-l&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-source&quot;&gt;    some_data : T&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation z-terminator&quot;&gt;;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation z-definition z-comment&quot;&gt;          &#x2F;&#x2F;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-comment&quot;&gt; 运行时成员，随 T 变化&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;giallo-l&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;}&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;giallo-l&quot;&gt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;giallo-l&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-source&quot;&gt;f :&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-entity z-name z-function&quot;&gt; Foo&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;(&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-storage z-type&quot;&gt;int&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;)&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation z-terminator&quot;&gt;;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;giallo-l&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-entity z-name z-function&quot;&gt;print&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;(&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-string&quot;&gt;%&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-constant z-character z-escape&quot;&gt;\n&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;,&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-variable z-other&quot;&gt; f&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;.&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-variable z-other z-property&quot;&gt;T&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;)&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation z-terminator&quot;&gt;;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation z-definition z-comment&quot;&gt;          &#x2F;&#x2F;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-comment&quot;&gt; =&amp;gt; int&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;code&gt;&lt;&#x2F;pre&gt;
&lt;p&gt;编译期参数不止类型，还可以是常量值，甚至函数：&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;
&lt;pre class=&quot;giallo z-code&quot;&gt;&lt;code data-lang=&quot;cpp&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;giallo-l&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-entity z-name&quot;&gt;Foo&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt; ::&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-storage z-type&quot;&gt; struct&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-source&quot;&gt;(&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;giallo-l&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-source&quot;&gt;    T:&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-entity z-name z-type&quot;&gt; Type&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;,&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;giallo-l&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-source&quot;&gt;    fun: (T) -&amp;gt; T&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;,&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation z-definition z-comment&quot;&gt;          &#x2F;&#x2F;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-comment&quot;&gt; 编译期烘焙，不占运行时内存&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;giallo-l&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-source&quot;&gt;) &lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;{&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;giallo-l&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-source&quot;&gt;    value: T&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation z-terminator&quot;&gt;;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation z-definition z-comment&quot;&gt;               &#x2F;&#x2F;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-comment&quot;&gt; 运行时数据&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;giallo-l&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;}&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;code&gt;&lt;&#x2F;pre&gt;
&lt;p&gt;多态结构体的“模式匹配“写法——三种等价风格：&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;
&lt;pre class=&quot;giallo z-code&quot;&gt;&lt;code data-lang=&quot;cpp&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;giallo-l&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-entity z-name&quot;&gt;Hash_Table&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt; ::&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-storage z-type&quot;&gt; struct&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-source&quot;&gt; (K:&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-entity z-name z-type&quot;&gt; Type&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;,&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-source&quot;&gt; V:&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-entity z-name z-type&quot;&gt; Type&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;,&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-source&quot;&gt; N:&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-storage z-type&quot;&gt; int&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-source&quot;&gt;) &lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;{&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;giallo-l&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-source&quot;&gt;    keys:&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;   [&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-variable z-parameter&quot;&gt;N&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;]&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-source&quot;&gt; K;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;giallo-l&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-source&quot;&gt;    values:&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt; [&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-variable z-parameter&quot;&gt;N&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;]&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-source&quot;&gt; V;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;giallo-l&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;}&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;giallo-l&quot;&gt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;giallo-l&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation z-definition z-comment&quot;&gt;&#x2F;&#x2F;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-comment&quot;&gt; 1) 显式模式匹配&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;giallo-l&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-entity z-name&quot;&gt;f1&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt; ::&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt; (&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-source&quot;&gt;t&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;:&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-entity z-name z-function&quot;&gt; Hash_Table&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;(&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-source&quot;&gt;$K&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;,&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-source&quot;&gt; $V&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;,&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-source&quot;&gt; $N&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;)&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;,&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-source&quot;&gt; k&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;:&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-source&quot;&gt; K&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;,&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-source&quot;&gt; v&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;:&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-source&quot;&gt; V&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;)&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt; {&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt; }&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;giallo-l&quot;&gt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;giallo-l&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation z-definition z-comment&quot;&gt;&#x2F;&#x2F;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-comment&quot;&gt; 2) $T&#x2F;类型 + T.K 访问参数&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;giallo-l&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-entity z-name&quot;&gt;f2&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt; ::&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt; (&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-source&quot;&gt;t&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;:&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-source&quot;&gt; $T&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-keyword z-operator&quot;&gt;&#x2F;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-source&quot;&gt;Hash_Table&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;,&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-source&quot;&gt; k&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;:&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-variable z-other&quot;&gt; T&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;.&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-variable z-other z-property&quot;&gt;K&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;,&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-source&quot;&gt; v&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;:&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-variable z-other&quot;&gt; T&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;.&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-variable z-other z-property&quot;&gt;V&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;)&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt; {&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt; }&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;giallo-l&quot;&gt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;giallo-l&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation z-definition z-comment&quot;&gt;&#x2F;&#x2F;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-comment&quot;&gt; 3) 隐式多态：直接用具体类型访问其编译期参数&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;giallo-l&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-entity z-name&quot;&gt;f4&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt; ::&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt; (&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-source&quot;&gt;t&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;:&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-source&quot;&gt; Hash_Table&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;,&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-source&quot;&gt; k&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;:&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-variable z-other&quot;&gt; t&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;.&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-variable z-other z-property&quot;&gt;K&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;,&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-source&quot;&gt; v&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;:&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-variable z-other&quot;&gt; t&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;.&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-variable z-other z-property&quot;&gt;V&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;)&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt; {&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt; }&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;code&gt;&lt;&#x2F;pre&gt;&lt;h3 id=&quot;jin-jie-3-duo-tai-shu-zu-chang-du-yu-yuan-su-lei-xing-du-shi-lei-xing-de-yi-bu-fen&quot;&gt;进阶 3：多态数组（长度与元素类型都是类型的一部分）&lt;&#x2F;h3&gt;
&lt;pre class=&quot;giallo z-code&quot;&gt;&lt;code data-lang=&quot;cpp&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;giallo-l&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-entity z-name&quot;&gt;foo&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt; ::&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt; (&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-source&quot;&gt;x&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;:&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt; [&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-source&quot;&gt;$&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-variable z-parameter&quot;&gt;N&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;]&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-source&quot;&gt;$T) &lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;{&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;giallo-l&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-entity z-name z-function&quot;&gt;    print&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;(&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-string&quot;&gt;%: %, %&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-constant z-character z-escape&quot;&gt;\n&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;,&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-entity z-name z-function&quot;&gt; type_of&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;(&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-source&quot;&gt;N&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;)&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;,&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-source&quot;&gt; N&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;,&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-source&quot;&gt; T&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;)&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation z-terminator&quot;&gt;;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;giallo-l&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;}&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;giallo-l&quot;&gt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;giallo-l&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-source&quot;&gt;x &lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;:&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-keyword z-operator&quot;&gt;=&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-storage z-type&quot;&gt; int&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-source&quot;&gt;.&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;[&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-constant z-numeric&quot;&gt;1&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;,&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-constant z-numeric&quot;&gt; 2&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;,&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-constant z-numeric&quot;&gt; 3&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;,&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-constant z-numeric&quot;&gt; 4&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;]&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation z-terminator&quot;&gt;;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;giallo-l&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-entity z-name z-function&quot;&gt;foo&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;(&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-source&quot;&gt;x&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;)&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation z-terminator&quot;&gt;;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation z-definition z-comment&quot;&gt;   &#x2F;&#x2F;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-comment&quot;&gt; =&amp;gt; s64: 4, s64（N 本身是编译期 int）&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;code&gt;&lt;&#x2F;pre&gt;
&lt;p&gt;注意：&lt;code&gt;[4] int&lt;&#x2F;code&gt; 与 &lt;code&gt;[5] int&lt;&#x2F;code&gt; 是&lt;strong&gt;不同类型&lt;&#x2F;strong&gt;，不能互相赋值。&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;
&lt;h3 id=&quot;jin-jie-4-you-can-shu-tui-dao-fan-hui-lei-xing-helper-jie-gou-ti-run&quot;&gt;进阶 4：由参数推导返回类型（Helper 结构体 + &lt;code&gt;#run&lt;&#x2F;code&gt;）&lt;&#x2F;h3&gt;
&lt;pre class=&quot;giallo z-code&quot;&gt;&lt;code data-lang=&quot;cpp&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;giallo-l&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-entity z-name&quot;&gt;Helper&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt; ::&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-storage z-type&quot;&gt; struct&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-source&quot;&gt;(A:&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-entity z-name z-type&quot;&gt; Type&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;,&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-source&quot;&gt; B:&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-entity z-name z-type&quot;&gt; Type&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-source&quot;&gt;) &lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;{&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;giallo-l&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-entity z-name&quot;&gt;    T&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt; ::&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-variable z-other&quot;&gt; #run&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-entity z-name z-function&quot;&gt; helper&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;(&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-source&quot;&gt;A&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;,&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-source&quot;&gt; B&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;)&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation z-terminator&quot;&gt;;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation z-definition z-comment&quot;&gt;     &#x2F;&#x2F;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-comment&quot;&gt; 编译期计算返回类型&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;giallo-l&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;}&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;giallo-l&quot;&gt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;giallo-l&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-entity z-name&quot;&gt;helper&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt; ::&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt; (&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-source&quot;&gt;$A&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;:&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-source&quot;&gt; Type&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;,&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-source&quot;&gt; $B&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;:&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-source&quot;&gt; Type&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;)&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt; -&amp;gt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-variable z-other z-property&quot;&gt; Type&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt; {&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;giallo-l&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-entity z-name z-label&quot;&gt;    T&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt; :&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-source&quot;&gt; Type &lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-keyword z-operator&quot;&gt;=&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-source&quot;&gt; A&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation z-terminator&quot;&gt;;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation z-definition z-comment&quot;&gt;               &#x2F;&#x2F;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-comment&quot;&gt; 这里可以做类型层面的逻辑&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;giallo-l&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-keyword z-control&quot;&gt;    return&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-source&quot;&gt; T&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation z-terminator&quot;&gt;;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;giallo-l&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;}&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;giallo-l&quot;&gt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;giallo-l&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-entity z-name&quot;&gt;combine&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt; ::&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt; (&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-source&quot;&gt;a&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;:&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-source&quot;&gt; $A&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;,&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-source&quot;&gt; b&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;:&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-source&quot;&gt; $B&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;)&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt; -&amp;gt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-entity z-name z-function&quot;&gt; Helper&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;(&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-source&quot;&gt;A&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;,&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-source&quot;&gt; B&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;)&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;.&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-variable z-other z-property&quot;&gt;T&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt; {&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;giallo-l&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation z-definition z-comment&quot;&gt;    &#x2F;&#x2F;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-comment&quot;&gt; ...&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;giallo-l&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;}&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;code&gt;&lt;&#x2F;pre&gt;&lt;h3 id=&quot;jin-jie-5-modify-bian-yi-qi-xiao-yan-bian-huan-duo-tai-can-shu&quot;&gt;进阶 5：&lt;code&gt;#modify&lt;&#x2F;code&gt;——编译期校验&#x2F;变换多态参数&lt;&#x2F;h3&gt;
&lt;pre class=&quot;giallo z-code&quot;&gt;&lt;code data-lang=&quot;cpp&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;giallo-l&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-entity z-name&quot;&gt;do_something&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt; ::&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt; (&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-source&quot;&gt;T&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;:&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-source&quot;&gt; Type&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;)&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-keyword z-operator&quot;&gt; -&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-keyword z-operator&quot;&gt;&amp;gt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-storage z-type&quot;&gt; bool&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt; {&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;giallo-l&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-entity z-name z-label&quot;&gt;    ti&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt; :&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-keyword z-operator&quot;&gt;=&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-entity z-name z-function&quot;&gt; cast&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;(&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-keyword z-operator&quot;&gt;*&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-source&quot;&gt;Type_Info&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;)&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-source&quot;&gt; T&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation z-terminator&quot;&gt;;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;giallo-l&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-keyword z-control&quot;&gt;    return&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-variable z-other&quot;&gt; ti&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;.&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-variable z-other z-property&quot;&gt;type&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-keyword z-operator&quot;&gt; ==&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-source&quot;&gt; .INTEGER &lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-keyword z-operator&quot;&gt;||&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-variable z-other&quot;&gt; ti&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;.&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-variable z-other z-property&quot;&gt;type&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-keyword z-operator&quot;&gt; ==&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-source&quot;&gt; .ENUM &lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-keyword z-operator&quot;&gt;||&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-variable z-other&quot;&gt; ti&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;.&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-variable z-other z-property&quot;&gt;type&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-keyword z-operator&quot;&gt; ==&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-source&quot;&gt; .POINTER&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation z-terminator&quot;&gt;;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;giallo-l&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;}&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;giallo-l&quot;&gt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;giallo-l&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-entity z-name&quot;&gt;function&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt; ::&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt; (&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-source&quot;&gt;dest&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;:&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-keyword z-operator&quot;&gt; *&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-source&quot;&gt;$T&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;,&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-source&quot;&gt; value&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;:&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-source&quot;&gt; T&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;)&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;giallo-l&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-variable z-other&quot;&gt;#modify&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt; {&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-keyword z-control&quot;&gt; return&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-entity z-name z-function&quot;&gt; do_something&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;(&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-source&quot;&gt;T&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;)&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation z-terminator&quot;&gt;;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt; }&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation z-definition z-comment&quot;&gt;   &#x2F;&#x2F;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-comment&quot;&gt; false =&amp;gt; 编译错误&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;giallo-l&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;{&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;giallo-l&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation z-definition z-comment&quot;&gt;    &#x2F;&#x2F;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-comment&quot;&gt; 运行时实现&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;giallo-l&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;}&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;code&gt;&lt;&#x2F;pre&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;#modify&lt;&#x2F;code&gt; 在每次调用解析时执行，可检查参数类型、做约束，是 Jai 在“类型层“做特化的入口。&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;
&lt;hr &#x2F;&gt;
&lt;h2 id=&quot;10-bian-yi-qi-zhi-xing-yuan-bian-cheng-he-xin&quot;&gt;10. 编译期执行（元编程核心）&lt;&#x2F;h2&gt;
&lt;h3 id=&quot;run-bian-yi-qi-yun-xing-ren-yi-dai-ma&quot;&gt;#run：编译期运行任意代码&lt;&#x2F;h3&gt;
&lt;pre class=&quot;giallo z-code&quot;&gt;&lt;code data-lang=&quot;cpp&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;giallo-l&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-entity z-name&quot;&gt;generate_table&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt; ::&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt; (&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;)&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-keyword z-operator&quot;&gt; -&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-keyword z-operator&quot;&gt;&amp;gt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt; [&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-constant z-numeric&quot;&gt;256&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;]&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-storage z-type&quot;&gt; float&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt; {&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;giallo-l&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-entity z-name z-label&quot;&gt;    table&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt; :&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt; [&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-constant z-numeric&quot;&gt;256&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;]&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-storage z-type&quot;&gt; float&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation z-terminator&quot;&gt;;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;giallo-l&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-keyword z-control&quot;&gt;    for&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-entity z-name z-label&quot;&gt; i&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt; :&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span&gt; &lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-invalid&quot;&gt;0..255&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt; {&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;giallo-l&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-variable z-other&quot;&gt;        table&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;[&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-source&quot;&gt;i&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;]&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-keyword z-operator&quot;&gt; =&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-entity z-name z-function&quot;&gt; pow&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;(&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-source&quot;&gt;i &lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-keyword z-operator&quot;&gt;&#x2F;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-constant z-numeric&quot;&gt; 255&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-constant z-numeric&quot;&gt;.&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-constant z-numeric&quot;&gt;0&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;,&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-constant z-numeric&quot;&gt; 2&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-constant z-numeric&quot;&gt;.&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-constant z-numeric&quot;&gt;2&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;)&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation z-terminator&quot;&gt;;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;giallo-l&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;    }&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;giallo-l&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-keyword z-control&quot;&gt;    return&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-source&quot;&gt; table&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation z-terminator&quot;&gt;;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;giallo-l&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;}&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;giallo-l&quot;&gt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;giallo-l&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-source&quot;&gt;srgb_table :&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-keyword z-operator&quot;&gt;=&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-variable z-other&quot;&gt; #run&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-entity z-name z-function&quot;&gt; generate_table&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;(&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;)&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation z-terminator&quot;&gt;;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation z-definition z-comment&quot;&gt;   &#x2F;&#x2F;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-comment&quot;&gt; 编译期生成，运行期直接查表&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;code&gt;&lt;&#x2F;pre&gt;
&lt;p&gt;编译期函数由编译器解释执行，结果直接烘焙进二进制。&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;
&lt;h3 id=&quot;if-bian-yi-qi-tiao-jian&quot;&gt;#if：编译期条件&lt;&#x2F;h3&gt;
&lt;pre class=&quot;giallo z-code&quot;&gt;&lt;code data-lang=&quot;cpp&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;giallo-l&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;#&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-keyword z-control z-directive&quot;&gt;if&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-entity z-name z-function z-preprocessor&quot;&gt; OS&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-keyword z-operator&quot;&gt; ==&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt; &amp;quot;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-string&quot;&gt;windows&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-meta z-preprocessor&quot;&gt; {&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;giallo-l&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-entity z-name z-function&quot;&gt;    print&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;(&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-string&quot;&gt;Windows build&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-constant z-character z-escape&quot;&gt;\n&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;)&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation z-terminator&quot;&gt;;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;giallo-l&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-source&quot;&gt;}&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-keyword z-control&quot;&gt; else&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt; {&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;giallo-l&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-entity z-name z-function&quot;&gt;    print&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;(&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-string&quot;&gt;Other build&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-constant z-character z-escape&quot;&gt;\n&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;)&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation z-terminator&quot;&gt;;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;giallo-l&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;}&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;code&gt;&lt;&#x2F;pre&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;#if&lt;&#x2F;code&gt; 也可用于结构体字段与枚举值的条件定义。&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;
&lt;h3 id=&quot;bake-can-shu-hong-bei&quot;&gt;#bake：参数烘焙&lt;&#x2F;h3&gt;
&lt;pre class=&quot;giallo z-code&quot;&gt;&lt;code data-lang=&quot;cpp&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;giallo-l&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-entity z-name&quot;&gt;add&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt; ::&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt; (&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-source&quot;&gt;a&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;:&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-storage z-type&quot;&gt; int&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;,&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-source&quot;&gt; b&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;:&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-storage z-type&quot;&gt; int&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;)&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-keyword z-operator&quot;&gt; -&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-keyword z-operator&quot;&gt;&amp;gt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-storage z-type&quot;&gt; int&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt; {&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-keyword z-control&quot;&gt; return&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-source&quot;&gt; a &lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-keyword z-operator&quot;&gt;+&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-source&quot;&gt; b&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation z-terminator&quot;&gt;;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt; }&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;giallo-l&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-source&quot;&gt;add_one :&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-keyword z-operator&quot;&gt;=&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-variable z-other&quot;&gt; #bake&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-entity z-name z-function&quot;&gt; add&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;(&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-constant z-numeric&quot;&gt;1&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;)&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation z-terminator&quot;&gt;;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation z-definition z-comment&quot;&gt;     &#x2F;&#x2F;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-comment&quot;&gt; 等价于单参数函数&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;code&gt;&lt;&#x2F;pre&gt;
&lt;hr &#x2F;&gt;
&lt;h2 id=&quot;11-shu-ju-dao-xiang-jie-gou-soa&quot;&gt;11. 数据导向结构（SOA）&lt;&#x2F;h2&gt;
&lt;p&gt;普通 AoS 与 &lt;code&gt;struct SOA&lt;&#x2F;code&gt; 只差一个关键字，内存布局自动切换：&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;
&lt;pre class=&quot;giallo z-code&quot;&gt;&lt;code data-lang=&quot;cpp&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;giallo-l&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-entity z-name&quot;&gt;Vector3&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt; ::&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-storage z-type&quot;&gt; struct&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt; {&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation z-definition z-comment&quot;&gt;        &#x2F;&#x2F;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-comment&quot;&gt; AoS：x y z x y z ...&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;giallo-l&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-source&quot;&gt;    x:&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-storage z-type&quot;&gt; float&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-keyword z-operator&quot;&gt; =&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-constant z-numeric&quot;&gt; 1&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation z-terminator&quot;&gt;;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;giallo-l&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-source&quot;&gt;    y:&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-storage z-type&quot;&gt; float&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-keyword z-operator&quot;&gt; =&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-constant z-numeric&quot;&gt; 4&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation z-terminator&quot;&gt;;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;giallo-l&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-source&quot;&gt;    z:&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-storage z-type&quot;&gt; float&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-keyword z-operator&quot;&gt; =&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-constant z-numeric&quot;&gt; 9&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation z-terminator&quot;&gt;;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;giallo-l&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;}&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;giallo-l&quot;&gt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;giallo-l&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-entity z-name&quot;&gt;Vector3SOA&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt; ::&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-storage z-type&quot;&gt; struct&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-entity z-name z-type&quot;&gt; SOA&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt; {&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation z-definition z-comment&quot;&gt; &#x2F;&#x2F;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-comment&quot;&gt; SoA：x x x y y y z z z&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;giallo-l&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-source&quot;&gt;    x:&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-storage z-type&quot;&gt; float&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-keyword z-operator&quot;&gt; =&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-constant z-numeric&quot;&gt; 1&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation z-terminator&quot;&gt;;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;giallo-l&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-source&quot;&gt;    y:&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-storage z-type&quot;&gt; float&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-keyword z-operator&quot;&gt; =&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-constant z-numeric&quot;&gt; 4&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation z-terminator&quot;&gt;;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;giallo-l&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-source&quot;&gt;    z:&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-storage z-type&quot;&gt; float&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-keyword z-operator&quot;&gt; =&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-constant z-numeric&quot;&gt; 9&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation z-terminator&quot;&gt;;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;giallo-l&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;}&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;code&gt;&lt;&#x2F;pre&gt;
&lt;p&gt;对缓存友好、批量更新场景（游戏实体、粒子系统）收益明显，且业务代码无需改动。&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;
&lt;hr &#x2F;&gt;
&lt;h2 id=&quot;12-fan-she-yu-yun-xing-shi-lei-xing-xin-xi&quot;&gt;12. 反射与运行时类型信息&lt;&#x2F;h2&gt;
&lt;p&gt;程序数据段保存完整类型表，可在运行时遍历：&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;
&lt;pre class=&quot;giallo z-code&quot;&gt;&lt;code data-lang=&quot;cpp&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;giallo-l&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-keyword z-control&quot;&gt;for&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-source&quot;&gt; _type_table &lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;{&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;giallo-l&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-entity z-name z-function&quot;&gt;    print&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;(&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-string&quot;&gt;%&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-constant z-character z-escape&quot;&gt;\n&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;,&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-variable z-other&quot;&gt; it&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;.&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-variable z-other z-property&quot;&gt;name&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;)&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation z-terminator&quot;&gt;;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;giallo-l&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;}&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;code&gt;&lt;&#x2F;pre&gt;
&lt;p&gt;可用于序列化、网络复制、存档、调试器等（C&#x2F;C++ 需要手写或宏实现）。&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;
&lt;hr &#x2F;&gt;
&lt;h2 id=&quot;13-mo-kuai-yu-xiang-mu-zu-zhi&quot;&gt;13. 模块与项目组织&lt;&#x2F;h2&gt;
&lt;pre class=&quot;giallo z-code&quot;&gt;&lt;code data-lang=&quot;cpp&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;giallo-l&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-variable z-other&quot;&gt;#import&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt; &amp;quot;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-string&quot;&gt;Basic&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation z-terminator&quot;&gt;;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;giallo-l&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-variable z-other&quot;&gt;#load&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt; &amp;quot;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-string&quot;&gt;part2.jai&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation z-terminator&quot;&gt;;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-punctuation z-definition z-comment&quot;&gt;      &#x2F;&#x2F;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z-comment&quot;&gt; 追加编译另一个源文件&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;span&gt;&lt;&#x2F;code&gt;&lt;&#x2F;pre&gt;
&lt;p&gt;大型项目常用 &lt;code&gt;main.jai&lt;&#x2F;code&gt; 作为结构总览：&lt;code&gt;#import&lt;&#x2F;code&gt; 模块、&lt;code&gt;#load&lt;&#x2F;code&gt; 分片源文件，再定义 &lt;code&gt;main()&lt;&#x2F;code&gt;。&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;
&lt;hr &#x2F;&gt;
&lt;h2 id=&quot;14-xue-xi-lu-jing-jian-yi&quot;&gt;14. 学习路径建议&lt;&#x2F;h2&gt;
&lt;ol&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;语法骨架&lt;&#x2F;strong&gt;：变量 → 过程 → 结构体 → 控制流；&lt;&#x2F;li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;内存&lt;&#x2F;strong&gt;：指针、&lt;code&gt;new&#x2F;delete&lt;&#x2F;code&gt;、所有权 &lt;code&gt;!&lt;&#x2F;code&gt;、&lt;code&gt;defer&lt;&#x2F;code&gt;；&lt;&#x2F;li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;元编程&lt;&#x2F;strong&gt;：&lt;code&gt;#run&lt;&#x2F;code&gt;、&lt;code&gt;#if&lt;&#x2F;code&gt;、&lt;code&gt;$T&lt;&#x2F;code&gt; 多态、&lt;code&gt;#bake&lt;&#x2F;code&gt;；&lt;&#x2F;li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;数据导向&lt;&#x2F;strong&gt;：&lt;code&gt;struct SOA&lt;&#x2F;code&gt;、数组&#x2F;切片、缓存局部性；&lt;&#x2F;li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;实战&lt;&#x2F;strong&gt;：参考 &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; rel=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;https:&#x2F;&#x2F;github.com&#x2F;Ivo-Balbaert&#x2F;The_Way_to_Jai&quot;&gt;The Way to Jai&lt;&#x2F;a&gt; 与 &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; rel=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;https:&#x2F;&#x2F;github.com&#x2F;BSVino&#x2F;JaiPrimer&quot;&gt;JaiPrimer&lt;&#x2F;a&gt; 的示例项目。&lt;&#x2F;li&gt;
&lt;&#x2F;ol&gt;
&lt;blockquote&gt;
&lt;p&gt;注意：Jai 仍处于开发期，语法细节随编译器迭代可能变化，以官方最新文档为准。&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;
&lt;&#x2F;blockquote&gt;
</content>
        
    </entry>
</feed>
